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The Justice System
Canada's courts, the rule of law, policing, and how justice is administered — the legal structure that protects all people in Canada.
What You'll Learn
- The rule of law and its importance in Canadian democracy
- The structure of Canadian courts from provincial to Supreme Court
- The role of the RCMP and municipal police forces
- The jury system and the right to a fair trial
Key Facts Covered
The Rule of Law
The rule of law is a founding principle of Canada: everyone is equal before the law, including the government itself. No one — not the Prime Minister, not the police — is above the law. This principle is protected by the Constitution and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The Court System
Canada's court system has several levels: provincial and territorial courts handle most cases; superior courts hear more serious matters; courts of appeal review lower court decisions; and the Supreme Court of Canada is the final authority on all legal questions, including constitutional matters.
The RCMP
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the national police force of Canada. It provides federal policing across the country and serves as the provincial and municipal police in many communities. The Mountie in red serge uniform is one of Canada's most recognized symbols.
The Jury System
In serious criminal cases, accused persons have the right to be tried by a jury of their peers — ordinary citizens selected to hear evidence and decide the verdict. Jury duty is a civic responsibility required of eligible Canadian citizens.
Practice Justice System Questions
All 47 questions in this chapter include an explanation and a source link. Practise, then review your mistakes.