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How Canadians Govern Themselves
Canada's system of parliamentary democracy — the three branches of government, the roles of Parliament and the Prime Minister, and how laws are made.
What You'll Learn
- The three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial
- The role of the House of Commons, the Senate, and the Governor General
- The Prime Minister's role and how the Cabinet is formed
- Federal, provincial, and municipal government responsibilities
Key Facts Covered
Parliamentary Democracy
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The Parliament of Canada consists of the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General), the Senate (upper house with 105 appointed senators), and the House of Commons (338 elected Members of Parliament).
The Three Branches
The executive branch (Prime Minister and Cabinet) administers the government. The legislative branch (Parliament) makes the laws. The judicial branch (the courts) interprets the laws and ensures they respect the Constitution. This separation of powers is essential to democracy.
Responsible Government
Canada uses a system of responsible government, meaning the executive (the Prime Minister and Cabinet) must maintain the confidence of the elected House of Commons. If the government loses a confidence vote, an election is typically called.
Federal vs. Provincial Powers
The Constitution divides law-making powers between the federal and provincial governments. The federal government handles defence, criminal law, and trade. Provinces control education, health care, and natural resources. Municipalities handle local services like zoning and transit.
Practice Government Structure Questions
All 70 questions in this chapter include an explanation and a source link. Practise, then review your mistakes.